Today's featured
country is
North Macedonia
MKD | MK | 807
Location
- Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
- landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Population
-
The total population of North Macedonia is
2,082,958
-
Ethnic Breakdown:
Macedonian 58.4%, Albanian 24.3%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.5%, Serb 1.3%, other 2.3%, no ethnic affiliation data available 7.2% (2021 est.)note: data represent total resident population; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 6.5–13% of North Macedonia’s population
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Population below Poverty Line:
21.8% (2019 est.)note: % of population with income below national poverty line
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Population Distribution:
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
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Nationality:
noun: Macedonian(s)adjective: Macedonian
-
Urbanization:
urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Notable Population Centers
| City |
Population |
Note |
|
Skopje
|
474,889
|
Capital
|
|
Kumanovo
|
75,051
|
|
|
Prilep
|
73,814
|
|
|
Bitola
|
69,287
|
|
|
Čair
|
64,773
|
|
|
Tetovo
|
63,176
|
|
|
Kisela Voda
|
58,216
|
|
|
Veles
|
57,873
|
|
|
Gostivar
|
50,974
|
|
|
Shtip
|
48,279
|
|
Size
-
9,781
square miles
-
25,333
square kilometers
- slightly larger than Vermont; almost four times the size of Delaware
History
North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of "Macedonia." Greece objected to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled North Macedonia's movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block its efforts to gain UN membership if the name "Macedonia" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia," and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved amid ongoing negotiations. As an interim measure, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an armed conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level and kept the Macedonian language as the sole official language in international relations, but ties between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated. In 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Agreement whereby Macedonia agreed to change its name to North Macedonia, and the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia joined NATO in 2020 after amending its constitution as agreed and opened EU accession talks in 2022 after a two-year veto by Bulgaria over identity, language, and historical disputes. The 2014 legislative and presidential election triggered a political crisis that lasted almost three years and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material revealing alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding, stimulating economic growth and development, and fighting organized crime and corruption.
Climate
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Terrain
mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Languages
Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)major-language sample(s): Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.note: data represent mother tongue; minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where at least 20% of the population are speakers, with Albanian co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities, Turkish in Centar Zupa and Plasnica, Romani in Suto Orizari, Aromanian in Krusevo, Serbian in Cucer Sandevo
Religions
Macedonian Orthodox 46.1%, Muslim 32.2%, other Christian 13.8%, other and non-believers 0.5%, unspecified 7.4% (2021 est.)
Government
parliamentary republic
-
Constitution:
history: several previous (since 1944); latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by at least 30 members of the Assembly, or by petition of at least 150,000 citizens; final approval requires a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly
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Political Parties and Leaders:
n/a
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Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
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Legal System:
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
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Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (since 12 May 2024)head of government: Prime Minister Hristijan MICKOSKI (since 23 June 2024)cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Assembly by simple majority voteelection/appointment process: president directly elected using a modified 2-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round with an absolute majority from all registered voters; in the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be valid; president elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the Assembly usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime ministermost recent election date: 24 April and 8 May 2024election results: 2024: Hristijan MICKOSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 77 for, 22 against2024: Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31%2024: Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker prime minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott)2022: Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - NAexpected date of next election: 2029
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Judicial Branch:
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 22 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 7-member body of legal professionals, and appointed by the Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Assembly for nonrenewable, 9-year termssubordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Basic Courts
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Legislative Branch:
legislature name: Assembly of the Republic (Sobranie)legislative structure: unicameralnumber of seats: 123 (all directly elected)electoral system: mixed systemscope of elections: full renewalterm in office: 4 yearsmost recent election date: 5/8/2024parties elected and seats per party: Coalition "Your Macedonia" (led by VMRO-DPMNE) (58); Coalition "European Front" (led by the Democratic Union for Integration – DUI) (18); Coalition "For a European Future" (led by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia – SDSM) (18); Coalition VLEN (14); ZNAM (Movement "I know": For our Macedonia) (6); The Left (Levica) (6)percentage of women in chamber: 39.2%expected date of next election: May 2028
Demographic Profile
n/a
Economy
- upper-middle-income European economy; GDP growth driven by private consumption, public infrastructure investments, and wage growth; stalled progress on EU accession; public debt rising due to high pensions, wages, and interest payments; structural challenges of emigration, low productivity growth, and governance
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Budget:
revenues: $4.787 billion (2023 est.)expenditures: $5.514 billion (2023 est.)note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
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Credit Rating:
n/a
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Natural Resources:
low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
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Industries:
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts
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Agricultural Products:
chillies/peppers, milk, wheat, potatoes, grapes, barley, cabbages, maize, watermelons, tomatoes (2023)note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
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Land Use:
agricultural land: 49.8% (2022 est.)arable land: 16.5% (2022 est.)permanent crops: 1.6% (2022 est.)permanent pasture: 31.8% (2022 est.)forest: 39.7% (2022 est.)other: 10.4% (2022 est.)
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Labor Force by Occupation:
n/a
- Imports
-
Imported Commodities:
platinum, refined petroleum, laboratory ceramic ware, cars, natural gas (2023)note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
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Import Partners:
UK 12%, Germany 10%, Greece 9%, China 9%, Serbia 8% (2023)note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- Exports
-
Exported Commodities:
reaction and catalytic products, insulated wire, electricity, garments, seats (2023)note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
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Export Partners:
Germany 39%, Serbia 8%, Bulgaria 6%, Greece 5%, Czechia 3% (2023)note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Additional Resources
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