Today's featured
country is
Palestine
PSE | PS | 275
Location
- Middle East, west of Jordan, east of Israel
- landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers (2017)
Population
-
The total population of Palestine is
4,569,087
-
Ethnic Breakdown:
Palestinian Arab, Jewish, other
-
Population below Poverty Line:
29.2% (2016 est.)note: % of population with income below national poverty line; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip
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Population Distribution:
the most populous Palestinian communities in the West Bank are located in the central ridge and western half of its territory; Jewish settlements are located throughout the West Bank, the most populous in the Seam Zone -- between the 1949 Armistice Line and the separation barrier -- and around Jerusalem
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Nationality:
noun: Chineseadjective: Chinese
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Urbanization:
urban population: 77.6% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Notable Population Centers
| City |
Population |
Note |
|
East Jerusalem
|
428,304
|
|
|
Gaza
|
410,000
|
|
|
Khān Yūnis
|
173,183
|
|
|
Jabālyā
|
168,568
|
|
|
Hebron
|
160,470
|
|
|
Nablus
|
130,326
|
|
|
Rafaḩ
|
126,305
|
|
|
Dayr al Balaḩ
|
59,504
|
|
|
Bayt Lāhyā
|
56,919
|
|
|
Battir
|
56,746
|
|
Size
-
2,305
square miles
-
5,970
square kilometers
- slightly smaller than Delaware
History
The landlocked West Bank -- the larger of the two Palestinian territories -- is home to some three million Palestinians. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the area currently known as the West Bank has been dominated by a succession of different powers. In the early 16th century, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. The West Bank fell to British forces during World War I, becoming part of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Transjordan (later renamed Jordan) captured the West Bank and annexed it in 1950; Israel then captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under the Oslo Accords -- a series of agreements that were signed between 1993 and 1999 -- Israel transferred to the newly created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for the many Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank, as well as the Gaza Strip. In addition to establishing the PA as an interim government, the Oslo Accords divided the West Bank into three areas, with one fully managed by the PA (Area A), another fully managed by Israel (Area C), and a third with shared control (Area B) until a permanent agreement could be reached between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel. In 2000, a violent intifada, or uprising, began across the Palestinian territories, and in 2001, negotiations for a permanent agreement between the PLO and Israel on final status issues stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start direct negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status of the area. The PA last held national elections in 2006, when the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and HAMAS failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and to HAMAS's violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in 2007. In 2018, the Palestinian Constitutional Court dissolved the PLC. In recent years, Fatah and HAMAS have made several attempts at reconciliation, but the factions have been unable to implement agreements.
Climate
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
Terrain
mostly rugged, dissected upland in west, flat plains descending to Jordan River Valley to the east
Languages
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 80-85% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 12-14%, Christian 1-2.5% (mainly Greek Orthodox), other, unaffiliated, unspecified <1% (2012 est.)
Government
executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
-
Constitution:
history: previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, under Portuguese authority); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as Macau's constitution)amendment process: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, and the Macau Special Administrative Region; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Assembly of Macau, approval by two thirds of Macau's deputies to the NPC, and consent of the Macau chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC
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Political Parties and Leaders:
n/a
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Suffrage:
18 years of age in direct elections for some legislative positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past 7 yearsnote: indirect elections are limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" and an election committee for the chief executive drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, central government bodies, and elected Macau officials
-
Legal System:
civil law system based on the Portuguese model
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Executive Branch:
chief of state: President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013)head of government: Chief Executive Sam Hou FAI (since 20 December 2024)cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the chief executiveelection/appointment process: president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chief executive chosen by a 400-member Election Committee for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)most recent election date: president: 10 March 2023chief executive: 13 October 2024election results: 2024: Sam Hou FAI (unopposed; received 394 out of 400 votes)2019: HO lat Seng (unopposed; received 392 out of 400 votes)expected date of next election: president: March 2028chief executive: 2029
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Judicial Branch:
highest court(s): Court of Final Appeal of Macau Special Administrative Region (consists of the court president and 2 associate justices)judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the Macau chief executive upon the recommendation of an independent commission of judges, lawyers, and "eminent" persons; judge tenure NAsubordinate courts: Court of Second Instance; Court of First instance; Lower Court; Administrative Court
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Legislative Branch:
legislature name: Legislative Assembly (Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau)legislative structure: unicameralnumber of seats: 33 (14 directly elected, 12 indirectly elected, 7 appointed)electoral system: mixedscope of elections: full renewalterm in office: 4 yearsmost recent election date: 9/12/2021parties elected and seats per party: United Citizens Association of Macau (ACUM) (3); Union for Development (UPD) (2); Macau-Guangdong Union (UGM) (2); Union for Promoting Progress (UPP) (2); Alliance for a Happy Home (ABL) (2); New Hope (NE) (2); Association of Synergy of Macau (PS) (1)expected date of next election: September 2025
Demographic Profile
n/a
Economy
- high-income, Chinese special administrative region economy; known for apparel exports and gambling tourism; currency pegged to Hong Kong dollar; significant recession due to 2015 Chinese anticorruption campaign; COVID-19 further halved economic activity
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Budget:
revenues: $1.409 billion (2021 est.)expenditures: $1.499 billion (2021 est.)note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
-
Credit Rating:
n/a
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Natural Resources:
arable land
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Industries:
small-scale manufacturing, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs
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Agricultural Products:
tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds
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Land Use:
agricultural land: 64.9% (2022 est.)arable land: 7% (2022 est.)permanent crops: 11.8% (2022 est.)permanent pasture: 46.1% (2022 est.)forest: 1.7% (2022 est.)other: 33.4% (2022 est.)note: includes Gaza Strip
-
Labor Force by Occupation:
n/a
- Imports
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Imported Commodities:
cement, raw sugar, cars, baked goods, perfumes (2023)note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
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Import Partners:
Egypt 25%, Jordan 17%, China 8%, Germany 7%, UAE 7% (2023)note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
- Exports
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Exported Commodities:
scrap iron, tropical fruits, olive oil, building stone, prepared meat (2023)note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
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Export Partners:
Jordan 51%, Turkey 12%, UAE 8%, Saudi Arabia 5%, UK 4% (2023)note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Additional Resources
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